Calakmul

Calakmul is one of the most important sites in the Yucatan. While it was discovered in 1931, mapping didn't start there until 1985. The city covers a vast area of 25 square kilometers (10 square miles) that includes around 600 structures. Its population at its peak was estimated at 60,000.

The great jade funeral mask known as Mascara de Calakmul, which is exhibited at the Museum of Campeche: Fuerte de San Miguel, was discovered here.

It was not until 1950 that work began to decipher the glyphs on various Mayan ruins. Many of these glyphs make reference to a place known as Kaan or the Snake Kingdom, a place regarded as one of enormous power and prestige. According to findings from excavations here, it is clear that Calakmul was that kingdom.

The city was occupied beginning around 600 BC. Its greatest ruler was Yuknoom 'the Great,' who was an enemy of Pakal, ruler of Palenque (today known as Chiapas). However, Yuknoom is not as well-known as his son Yuknoom Yich'ak Kak, known as Jaguar Paw, who is the first Calakmuk ruler identified in glyphs. There is the belief that Jaguar Paw was captured and sacrificed at Tikal.